Robotic Basics

Building Blocks of a Robot

Table of Contents

• Mechanical Structure
• Sensors
• Control System
• Power Supply
• End Effectors
• Communication System
• Software and Algorithms
• Mobility System
• Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

Mechanical Structure

This forms the physical framework of the robot.

• Frame/Chassis: Provides support and shape, often made of metal or plastic.
• Joints and Links: Allow for movement and flexibility, mimicking human joints.
• Actuators: Motors, servos, or hydraulic systems that create motion.
• Wheels or Legs: Enable the robot to move around its environment.

Sensors

Sensors allow the robot to perceive its surroundings.

• Proximity Sensors: Detect nearby objects without physical contact (e.g., ultrasonic, infrared).
• Vision Sensors (Cameras): Capture images and video for processing and analysis.
• Touch Sensors: Sense physical contact, pressure, or even temperature.
• Gyroscopes/Accelerometers: Measure orientation, tilt, and acceleration for balance and navigation.
• Environmental Sensors: Detect conditions like temperature, humidity, light, and sound.

Control System

The "brain" of the robot, responsible for processing inputs and managing outputs.

• Microcontroller/Microprocessor: Processes sensor data, makes decisions, and sends commands to actuators.
• Embedded Systems: Specialized computers for specific tasks.
• Software and Firmware: Programs and instructions dictating the robot's behavior.

Power Supply

Provides the energy needed for the robot to function.

• Batteries: Commonly used for portable robots (e.g., lithium-ion, lead-acid).
• Power Management System: Regulates and distributes power to different components.

End Effectors

The "hands" of the robot, used for interaction with objects.

• Grippers: For grasping, holding, and manipulating objects.
• Tools: Specialized attachments for tasks (e.g., welding torches, drills).

Communication System

Enables the robot to send and receive data.

• Wired Communication: Uses cables for reliable connections (e.g., USB, Ethernet).
• Wireless Communication: Provides flexibility (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).

Software and Algorithms

Dictates the robot's intelligence and actions.

• Programming Languages: Used to write code (e.g., C++, Python).
• Control Algorithms: For navigation, path planning, and decision-making.

Mobility System

Defines how the robot moves.

• Wheeled Robots: Use wheels for locomotion on smooth surfaces.
• Legged Robots: Mimic animal movement for versatility.
• Flying Robots (Drones): Use rotors or wings for aerial mobility.

Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

Facilitates interaction between humans and the robot.

• Control Panel: Buttons and switches for manual operation.
• Display Screens: Show data or robot status.
• Remote Control Devices: Allow users to control the robot from a distance.